A Brief Primer to Citing Sources in Chicago Style
» Use the Chicago Manual of Style (16th) to format all elements of your manuscript: title page, margins (1-inch on all sides), type size (11- or 12 pt.) and line spacing (double spacing). See video in next thread. |
Whenever you use a source in a paper, you must refer to it twice: once as a note and once in your bibliography.
With the Chicago style, you have the option to use either footnotes
(bottom of each page) or endnotes (all notes at end of paper).
Citation for a Direct Quote
Whenever you use an author's exact words (direct quotation), you must provide a citation to the source quoted at that exact point in your text.
How to Cite a Direct Quote
Original Text (from Rachel Adele, Women in the Media, 1999)"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for men and women, but the media have made it seem that breast cancer is what women should most fear." Direct Quote as Used in Your Paper Women have been misled, writes media critic Rachel Adele: "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for men and women, but the media have made it seem that breast cancer is what women should most fear." 1 __________________________________________________________
Note (Footnote or Endnote) 1. Rachel Adele, Women in the Media: The Power of Mainstream Stereotypes in American Pop Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 28. Subsequent References 2. Adele, 31. _________________________________________________________
Bibliography Stereotypes in American Pop Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. |
Please Note:
Citation for a Paraphrase
Whenever you use information from a source, even though you do not quote the source, you still must provide a citationto the source at that exact point in your text.
How to Cite a Paraphrase
Original Text (from Rachel Adele, Women in the Media, 1999)"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for men and women, but the media have made it seem that breast cancer is what women should most fear." Your Phrasing (some key words repeated) Although lung cancer kills more women than any other type of cancer, the media have nonetheless led women to believe that breast cancer deaths are more common.1 ___________________________________________________________
Note (Footnote or Endnote)
_________________________________________________________
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Please Note:
"But My Source is Not a Book." Not a Problem.
The
note and bibliography citations above are for a book used as a source.
Increasingly, today's research papers include a variety of electronic
sources. Not a problem. The same principle applies: Whenever you use a
source in a paper, regardless of the type of source it is, you must
refer to it twice: once as a note and once in your bibliography.
What Goes in a Citation? The Chicago Manual of Style Online
The Chicago Manual of Style
(16th edition) lists over 100 different types of print and electronic
sources, each of which has a unique citation format. To help you
deal with the many different formats, there is the free Chicago-Style's Citation Quick Guide, a web resource maintained by the Chicago Style organization. However, the Chicago-Style's Citation Quick Guide is limited to about 20 basic source types. The site does offer a 30-day free trial to the complete online version of the Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition).
Academic & Commercial Web Sites
You
can find many excellent university and college web sites that provide
model Chicago-style formats for a wide range of source types you
will encounter. Always be sure to check the month/year of the most
recent update since the Chicago Style guidelines
are added to and revised on a frequent basis. One of the most
comprehensive listings of Chicago-style formats and manuscript
guidelines can be found at Bedford/St. Martin's Hacker Handbooks site:
In the End
No
single web site, citation machine or handbook contains a model format
for every type of source you may find. Therefore it is important to
keep in mind the basic components for any citation so that you can make
informed choices about the source information you provide. The basic
rule: More information is better than less.
The goal of any citation is to help the reader evaluate the source and
possibly to retrieve it, if he or she wishes. Whether it is a note or a
bibliography entry, your citations should contain the following basic
elements in approximately this order:
Blue = all sources
Purple = periodicals and web sites
Green = periodicals
Brown = books
Red = digital sources
If you are using a source that does not provide a piece of information
for one of the slots, simply skip to the next. For example, if
you are citing an article that does not list an author, your citation
should begin with the title of the article.
Sample Citations
The following citations are based on the models provided in the Chicago-Style's Citation Quick Guide. For each source a note citation (N) and bibliography citation (B) are provided.
Practice Chicago Citations Assignment
Your follow-up assignment is to provide (1) a first note citation, (2) a subsequent note citation, and (3) a bibliography page citation.
Example of a fake journal article from a database:
First Note & Subsequent Note
1. Rupert Giles, "Vampire Slaying in the Late Twentieth Century," Vampires and Werewolves 97 (2012): 480, accessed September 25, 2015, doi:10.1010/v.were.2012.03.04.
2. Giles, "Vampire Slaying in the Late Twentieth Century," 457.
Bibliography
Giles, Rupert. "Vampire Slaying in the Late Twentieth Century." Vampires and Werewolves 97 (2012): 456-85. doi:10.1010/v.were.2012.03.04.